ࡱ> B( / 0DTimes New Roman@bbv 0b( 0OD[SOes New Roman@bbv 0b( 0O DArialNew Roman@bbv 0b( 0O"0DWingdingsRoman@bbv 0b( 0O@DўSOgdingsRoman@bbv 0b( 0OPDSymbolgsRoman@bbv 0b( 0O b  .  @n?" dd@  @@`` `(K1 0 &/.-,+*)('&%$#"   !   1 03@8{ c ʚ;ʣ7ʚ;g4<d<dv 0bppp@ <4!d!d` 0bAb<4dddd` 0bAb<4BdBd` 0bAb? %,{NASz Ǐ!nё^\`! ! \20 1 i N0NHN/fǏ!nё^\ N TfN,g g N TvRl wQ gREQkXdbfNB\5uP[vCQ } b!B& & g!8RCQ } ncdkNN8^\Cue_N~eQǏ!nё^\CQ } V:NCu2+ d9 Au d8 _N gfN NbZne_NR_eQ Vdk Ǐ!nCQ }'`(^8^0N[ ggؚqpvW g'Ylx^vCr _N g8^)nm`vHg ؏^U\'`g}YvAu [5u'`g}YvAgI{0xZS#+#+ #+K#*%                          P c[IN ؏SbLa|CQ }TAc|CQ }0IIIBevmQ0NhTgN,SZPQǏ!nCQ } 8^USr0NV:NSc0Yb!Be v'`(NLa|CQ }ve\'`CQ }Q[f[0 ,gzǏ!n`! ;NN~Ti V Cr Mo W Mn NST TevZr0Hf0Nb0TaI{ &UT!.            -            20 2 TioRe !(    Ti Zr Hf N5uP[~g (n-1)d2 ns2 ,g3z[N`/f+4 v+Tϑ0.63% (W0Wt-NASR0N[0Ǐ!nё^\-N+TϑN!kNFe;`pe,{ASMO0;N gTiO2 wFeTiO3 CaTiO3wI{0FOv^(uZf0HQ[~^ Nؚe hs:N'`0g;N/fTi vQpASRV0(Wؚ)n N TivS^'`:_ $\vQ['lv~TR:_ NvQNv'lSir-NbǏ'l0kSi0BI{fRN'l0 Z#&!)!)9!) !)!)X!#     (                    6q Tiv'`^8^Oy :_^'Y k͑{ P0lx^N] NY FOk͑\NJSd=4.43g/cm3, zkAl'Y FO:_^lx^ /fAlv2 P0ُ[*zzNvPge/fg}Yv b0(W[[kp{T[9_-N 1\'Yϑ(uTiNf0SY Ti|S(uZPqe >eQ'Yϑp /fkp{v}Yqe0@bN Ti:N[[ё^\0zzё^\0NT-N70%(uNޘ:g0kp{0[9_& 0@bNNN/fُ7hcvN{|[ё^\v^(u YgbCuS_\O,{NN Fe,{NN Al,{ NN R Ti1\/fNMRv,{VNё^\0 4Z2!)!,  #        !      6          N0US('`( ! N8^)n N Ti NNe:gxS^ sSO/fs4l_N Nn0 gNZPǏ[ bNWWTil0Rwm^ ~5t^TS Neg‰[ Npl gu OeNꕄv0ُ*N(uNn9 \oG1\^8^ g)R0S]:gh-NgNNxx0ddkKNY Til gx'`0ُp[NMQ|;eQ^8^ gHe0 Te [v:_^'Y Ti\oGS(Wm4500mvmwm-N*L0Ti؏SN\O:NNyb_r_Tё0 Z!    >            jA TiF62 1.19 Ti TiO2+ -0.1 Ti3+ -0.37 Ti2+ -1.63 Ti Zr4+_____-1.53_____Zr Hf4+_____-1.70_____Hf NjA eg w Tiv؏S'`^8^:_ NAlvя FO:NUO`'` V:N Tihb gNB\[v0'`v'lSirOb0FO(WpagN N PZ!Z.   !)8!                   Ti+HCl!TiCl3+H2RpagN N Ti+HNO3!H2TiO3!+NORpagN N Nx NS^ NHFfS^ Ti+6HF!TiF62-+2H2+2H+ ؚ)n N vcNY^ё^\b_b_3z[0_lx0_qvTiN TiC TiB TiB2 bNYё^\b_bё^\STir0vQ-N (W1800~2000! NSuS^Ti+C!TiCўr 0TiCqp3100! lx^ؚ /fvMRHesgؚvRJRR]PgvRwQPge0 r-TiAl ё^\Tir ؚlx^k ؚ)n b'lS'` bb_S'` gwQ\oRv*zzPge0 ^      +    )#+#n                  #      "    %   TivQp  .^8^V V:Nؚ)n N Ti^8^;ml NN2 O2 CI{b_b^8^3z[vSTir0Vdk (WQpe zzlT4l/f%Nf6q N(uC؏S  TiCl4g +2Mg!Tiwm~r +2MgCl2(uArZPObBR (W~1070k NS^ wm~rvTi qb- ؏_(uؚb]v 4lQiWW 5up6RY0 Ti؏VvQNYCQ }~TR:_ (uNQpvQNё^\ ~SǏ zSR\ϑTi O[:YOI{Bg( nm(Wb N b_bp#n0 W eg wv~T)R(u& & ZZ#+#+,#+#+#+#+#+#     (                            % N0v͑STir    :1 TiO2 6qLuX[(W vfSO g NyvfW vQ-Nё~wWg͑Vevf| 0 ~[w +T_ϑFeI{CQ }>fr0N]6R vTiO2|  }v| S]Se g}vve0}v^/fZnS+BaSO4}vv5 P 1gSO450cm2m_}v0uN}v lNTiCl4+O2r^q !TiO2+2Cl2(W~1000K NS^ lNFeTiO2+2H2SO4(>80%)!TiOSO4+ FeSO4+2H2O (~(W70~80! NS^) TiOSO4+2H2O=TiO2H2O!+H2SO4Rp 4l >900!!EqpZZ 6#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+'#:  &                     .   #   2 BaTiO3S5uHe^Pge TiO2+BaCO3!BaTiO3+CO2!qr` N S5uvfSO (WXl-N SSNu5uAm05uAmv:_1_Sc:yXlv:_^0b/fS 5uAm RNuXl0 ^(uXSuhV0nNh N SKmϑkpfǏeSR0 dU_hV0dqlpSbkpI{0 b)   Y!\    0  1   3TiCl4 6RYTiO2+2Cl2+2C=TiCl4!+2CO! 800~900! NS^ RpagN NS^ {|0,%s=41Jmol-1K-1>0 ؚ)n N %Gd"0, Tl=1491000/41= 3634K 3000!؏ NOS^ FORCT NS^ %H= 72K %s=2200 Na)n^SۏL NRC؏S NQُNё^\ N N N T VZ    .         !   +         <'t    *        ,  J                     <SnO2+2C=Sn+2CO! PbO+C=Pb+CO Bi2O3+3C=2Bi+3CO PbO+CO=Pb+CO2 FeO+CO=Fe+CO2 Y N/f}Yel(uCOCl2,SOCl2,CHCl3,CCl4I{/lSՋBR TiO2+CCl4=TiCl4!+CO2!(770K) TiCl4:NRP[vfSO mp250K bp409K AlCl3(W453K1\GSNSN TiCl4(W8^)n N/fmSO gg:_v4l'`0 TiCl4+2H2O=TiO2+4HCl ^(u`$QN N p9_ ~EN Nce a$QN N 4lir}vp 1\Yh [ iirOf2Q0 *ZZ $     #+#+ #+#+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+#+#+3#R                   !         -   $Ti(IV)MMOSTir Ǐ!nё^\yP[fbMTir:Nyrp (W4l-N SNH2O:NMMOSO FO N/f[TiH2O 6]4+ /f[TiO(H2O)4]2+b [Ti(OH)2 (H2O)6]2+ Te g [TiF6]2-, [TiCl6]2-, [Ti(NH3)4]4+ yr+RcQ H2O2 -NvǏ'lyP[ fly0RؚNǏ!nё^\S_MSO v^ gyrkr \O:Nt[bKm[el0Y['`$ReTivX[(W P940 Ti(IV)-N ReQH2O2 (W:_x-N pH<1 ~r (Wzx-N -N'` YjĞZ#+#+#+#+ #+#+#+ #+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+#+3#     8               "   ,            $[ϑKm[Ti TiO2+__+0.1__Ti3+_-0.37_Ti2+_-1.63__Ti H+ TiO2++Al!Ti3++Al3++H2O (>eeQAlGr) Ti3+؏S'`eukSn2+:_0Sn4+ 0.15 Sn2+ Fe3++Ti3+=Fe2++Ti(IV) (uSCN-:Nc:yBR SۏLY NS^Al+3Ti3+=Al3++3Ti2+ -N'`e 2H++e=H2! j=0 jH+/H2=0+(0.059/2)lg [(C2H+)/(PH2/P)]=0.059(-7)= 0.41 pH=6 -6 = 0.35e                         e  U        0       "  t   N0Zr,HfvSTir . D     La|6e) [Zr0HfNvя'`( Ǐ!nё^\N N0R NNؚN3z[ N;NevSS g 4N`0 MO2 MX4 4l'` MT'` ZrF4wQ gؚb\sverUSevfSO D!(!)!) !)!     &      *$ ZrSiO4+ K2SiF6 K2[ZrF6]+ 2SiO2 xp~01vxxmlQ ~vf (NH4)2[ZrF6]{|#+#+L# : "                  V;N(uNTё0[neQb0Nnfvk g~g'}[ '`09_'`N:gh:_^ؚvyrp0z2u9_ \z40cmSvg0'Yϑ^(uN6R }lf0ޘ:gvSR:gt09_'|S}l8I{0 Nb0Ta T7h(WTё-N g9eUё^\v͑'` gv ~u } KNy0ReQ\ϑ 1\SNXR^U\'`0bx'`0QQ'`I{0 Te_N9eSSf['`0YAl(WOH-Sn SR0.05%Nb 1\ N(WTxS^0YTё(WNO)n N OS_astN7h FOReQ0.7%vNb (W-80! N NOcSeg:_^0 BZ#+E#  7  !   A        #     L ddkKNY Nb0Ta(W5uP[LN gyrkvR5u5u[-Nv͑Pge g[[ϑSX'Y5 P 05uP[{hgPge(u[NS8T6elSO b_bwzz 0Nb0Sn0GeTёb:Ng͑v[Pge4NLu)n18~21K sQ./fTёfR] 0 Ta/f@b gё^\-Ngxv0bbdHFxYv@b ge:gx Sbs4l sSORp_NvS_3z[0HFP_Nba0 "n9!   9                 N0Vv͑STir. (   v10 V2O5 Yj~ wir-Ncp V2O5+2NaCl+0.5O2===2NaVO3+Cl2EqpagN [[NH4 VO3===V2O5+2NH3+H2O RpagN `$ fnNx>fx'` V2O5+6OH-===2VO43-+ 3H2O a$ _NnNSm:_x>f1_x'` b_bVO2+0VO3+ b$:_'lS'`V2O5+HCl===VOCl2+Cl2+H2O"  "             " "      " "   ""                         02 xv `$x^ N T b__ N T( TYx) ; :_x Rx       ! :_x VO43-!V2O74-!V3O93-!V10O286-!VO2+ V:O 14 13.5 13 12.8 12 a$'lS؏S'` jAVO2+__1.0__VO2+__0.36__V3+__-0.26__V2+ __-1.19__V YjĞ pQ ~ +} r0N[ NsYKNy0 VO2+RϑZn! 1uĞ!pQ!~!+}v")#              H"      !# + + #  ) s  6         VO2++H2C2O4+2H+!2VO2++CO2+H2O VO2++Fe2++2H+!VO2++Fe3++H2O b$ VO43-NH2O2>frS^O22 SNO2 -N'`  Ğr :_x'`  ~hr !))!)!)!))!)!rC         +%,&Nb Ta  '`(v?" dd@,?lPd@   Z l<@ d`"  n?" dd@   @@``@n?" dd@  @@``PR    @ ` ` p>> vn (  ^N y   "yZ  S B7 C DEHFPv @?q 6 6 n(dx  G b q %(@"B y2   `G1?"  T}gֳgֳ ?"P  PUSQdkYkHrh7h_     Tgֳgֳ ?"``  V*   T4gֳgֳ ?"`   X*    Tgֳgֳ ?"`   X*    0 "  8USQdkYkHre,g7h_ ,{N~ ,{ N~ ,{V~ ,{N~  `  Hd޽h? ? f3f3 Soaring8    <(   N t   "tZ   S BsC5 DEHFPv @?3 r4 rv$[I_l3HxF 3 %(@" "2   C CRENGCJRQ1? `TO`TR`TO`TRR`TRR"t  TKgֳgֳ ?"/O K PUSQdkYkHrh7h_     TKgֳgֳ ?"pp  K RUSQdkYkHroRh7h_   TKgֳgֳ ?"`` K V*   TKgֳgֳ ?"`  K X*   TPMKgֳgֳ ?"`  K X* `  Hd޽h? ?  f3f3  0p$(  pr p S 8"P  " r p S ."  " H p 0޽h ? f3f3j  t(  tr t S K   K H t 0޽h ? f3f3  x$(  xr x S )Pp0  ) r x S )  ) H x 0޽h ? f3f3j  |(  |r | S tnJ P` J H | 0޽h ? f3f3  $(  r  S J  J r  S J  J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  (  r  S J   J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  (  r  S \J  J H  0޽h ? f3f3  $(  r  S HJ@  J r  S J @  J H  0޽h ? f3f3  $(  r  S ,JPpp  J r  S ԹJ P` J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  p(  r  S J  J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  `(  r  S tJ P J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  P(  r  S J   J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  @(  r  S J  J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  0(  r  S f`'` (Ws4l-N Nn0ُ(WObё^\Pge-N Cryr+R gaIN0@씈_eO0V:N[ g_3z[vCr3+v MRbTi0VeGW:N3z[v+T'lxb'lSirI{0 Dq lPU#$+$#$   -       H   0޽h ? f3f3   `L(    S X J P@<$D 0 J n  6)Pe ,$D 0 jA Cr2O72- ___1.33 ___Cr3+ ___-0.41 ___Cr2+ ___-0.91 ___Cr :_'lS'` 3z[ S4l'lS kVO2+:_ TTi2+ V2+jw lP2        #++#+#+#Z ;       H  0޽h ? f3f3  P$(  r  S  Jp  J r  S P J  J H  0޽h ? f3f3j  @(  r  S $) P` ) H  0޽h ? f3f3j  0(  r  S ) P 0  ) H  0޽h ? f3f3, `l(    6%pP@,$D 0 ,b$Ǐ'lW>frS^ Cr2O72-+4H2O2+2H+==2CrO(O2)2+5H2O pQr(WYN-N (u\Ot[S^KNN*P0lPZ2 # + # + + # + # + # + # + # + # + %# @   "   f  6, %` ,$D 0 BaCrO4 Ğr KSP=1.210-10 PbCrO4 Ğr KSP=2.810-13 Ag2CrO4 x~r KSP=2.010-12 I{_N\O:Nt[S^ t[el-N'`N(+M2+!lm lm+H+!nz0lP<2'/'/'/'/'/'/''3/3'3/3'3'/'/'/ '/'            H  0޽h ? f3f3  PH (  r  S x)   ) .  6L)p  8S_6q[E(uNCr3+NvQ[ё^\yP[Ryvel/f(uvQ؏S'`D lP# + # (   H  0޽h ? f3f3@ p(  H  6,%Z06 a$ ؏S'` jB CrO42-___-0.13___CrOH 4- 2OH-+2CrOH 4-+3H2O2===2CrO42-+8H2O (Wx'`N( 'lS 3S2O82-+2Cr3++7H2O===Cr2O72-+6SO42-+14H+ (WAg+PS Rp N 6MnO4-+10Cr3++11H2O===5Cr2O72-+6Mn2++22H+RpagN 0lPZ2#  + # + + # + + # + # + + # + # + # + + # + # + # + + # + # + # + # + + # + + # + # +  # + + # + # + # + # + + # + # + # t  F  )     )   H  0޽h ? f3f3  L(    6\Z%Pp ,$D 0 $YAl3+NCr3+vRy0 NGW g$N'`+ǏϑOH-!AlOH 4- CrOH 4- Al3+ Cr3++S2-!Al(OH)3 Cr(OH)3+H2S! A l3+ Cr3++NH3!Al(OH 3 Cr(OH)3 )R(uCr(OH)4- fH2O2'lS:NCrO42- Q(uBa2+lmBRegRy0~0lPZ2 0lPZ2) lP2# + # + #      3                          # + + # + # + # + + # + #                 N  BY%P < ,$D 0 YgNZn2+RybTD lP2# + # (   H  0޽h ? f3f3j  (  r  S x)    ) H  0޽h ? f3f3  $(  r  S 0r)  ) r  S r) p ) H  0޽h ? f3f3 D<(    6%P,$D 0 $ Mo Wv6RY MoO3+2Al==Mo+Al2O3GWpagN N MoO3+H2===MoO2+H2O723~923K MoO2+H2===Mo+H2O1223~1373K WO3+H2===W+3H2Og 923~1093K tg8lPZ"0lPZ "                            Z      ^    6%` pd,$D 0 .z3 Mo WSTir_NNkx 6qLu-N1\ gMoS2w OH N(-NMoO42-0WO42-nmH2S[fubkxNxv0>8lPZ  "  "   " * " * * " * * " * "              (  B% ,$D 0 V.lv~b-N+T gMo-Fe-S&0lPZ"   H  0޽h ? f3f3  $(  r  S ,m)p  ) r  S m)  0` ) H  0޽h ? f3f3  B(       6t% `J  "Y12%MnvCuTё 5u;3z[ NS)n^q_T /f_}Yv5uhVPge0 +T013%vMn0FeTё eZWlxS:_ '`Oo0$\vQ0 NxS S(u(W90 N2xvMO0 FO/fMnNMRbQyё^\ N T [l g`'`vOb0 Mn+2HClz ==Mn2++H2!+2Cl- r lP lP2# + # + # + #     "   *        H   0޽h ? f3f3  $(  r  S L)@  ) r  S tM) P ) H  0޽h ? f3f3  N(  r  S G)   )   6$L`  6a$ؚ'lS'`G g:girSqp MnO4-+Cl-+H+!Cl2 + Mn2 MnO4-+Fe2++H+!Fe3+ MnO4-+H2C2O4+H+!CO2! MnO4-+I-+H+!I2^0lPZ2                         @   G  H  0޽h ? f3f3 (4(  ( ( 6L,$D 0 :b$ MnO4 vNirSN(q_T MnO4-+SO32-+H+!Mn2++SO42- MnO4-+SO32-+OH-!MnO42-+ SO42- MnO4-+SO32-+H2O !MnO2 +SO42- h0lPZ2                            @    V    ( 6_pp ,$D 0 Tc$ KMnO4RSmkxx ublrvMn2O7g N3z[ Mn2O7 !MnO2+ O2+0lPZ2        Z        H ( 0޽h ? f3f3  (  r  S B) PP`p )   6_P@W,$D 0 &b$Ǐ'l.O22 vlyMn(O2)O~ lP#++# B       6_g ,$D 0 a$ MTirMnF4 MnF62 MnO2+HF+KHF2 ! K2MnF6+ 2H2O SbCl5 +HF ! SbF5 K2MnF6 + SbF5 ! K SbF5 + MnF4 MnF4 ! MnF3 + F2 Sf[l6RYF2 lP2                     4    H  0޽h ? f3f3x  (  (  r  S ,i"  "   0L 0  VMn2+ +OH ! Mn(OH)2 Mn(OH)2 +O2! 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N8^)n N Ti NNe:gxS^ sSO/fs4l_N Nn0 gNZPǏ[ bNWWTil0Rwm^ ~5t^TS Neg‰[ Npl gu OeNꕄv0ُ*N(uNn9 \oG1\^8^ g)R0S]:gh-NgNNxx0ddkKNY Til gx'`0ُp[NMQ|;eQ^8^ gHe0 Te [v:_^'Y Ti\oGS(Wm4500mvmwm-N*L0Ti؏SN\O:NNyb_r_Tё0 Z!    >            jA TiF62 1.19 Ti TiO2+ -0.1 Ti3+ -0.37 Ti2+ -1.63 Ti Zr4+_____-1.53_____Zr Hf4+_____-1.70_____Hf NjA eg w Tiv؏S'`^8^:_ NAlvя FO:NUO`'` V:N Tihb gNB\[v0'`v'lSirOb0FO(WpagN N PZ!Z.   !)8!                   Ti+HCl!TiCl3+H2RpagN N Ti+HNO3!H2TiO3!+NORpagN N Nx NS^ NHFfS^ Ti+6HF!TiF62-+2H2+2H+ ؚ)n N vcNY^ё^\b_b_3z[0_lx0_qvTiN TiC TiB TiB2 bNYё^\b_bё^\STir0vQ-N (W1800~2000! NSuS^Ti+C!TiCўr 0TiCqp3100! lx^ؚ /fvMRHesgؚvRJRR]PgvRwQPge0 r-TiAl ё^\Tir ؚlx^k ؚ)n b'lS'` bb_S'` gwQ\oRv*zzPge0 ^      +    )#+#n                  #      "    %   TivQp  .^8^V V:Nؚ)n N Ti^8^;ml NN2 O2 CI{b_b^8^3z[vSTir0Vdk (WQpe zzlT4l/f%Nf6q N(uC؏S  TiCl4g +2Mg!Tiwm~r +2MgCl2(uArZPObBR (W~1070k NS^ wm~rvTi qb- ؏_(uؚb]v 4lQiWW 5up6RY0 Ti؏VvQNYCQ }~TR:_ (uNQpvQNё^\ ~SǏ zSR\ϑTi O[:YOI{Bg( nm(Wb N b_bp#n0 W eg wv~T)R(u& & ZZ#+#+,#+#+#+#+#+#     (                            % N0v͑STir    :1 TiO2 6qLuX[(W vfSO g NyvfW vQ-Nё~wWg͑Vevf| 0 ~[w +T_ϑFeI{CQ }>fr0N]6R vTiO2|  }v| S]Se g}vve0}v^/fZnS+BaSO4}vv5 P 1gSO450cm2m_}v0uN}v lNTiCl4+O2r^q !TiO2+2Cl2(W~1000K NS^ lNFeTiO2+2H2SO4(>80%)!TiOSO4+ FeSO4+2H2O (~(W70~80! NS^) TiOSO4+2H2O=TiO2H2O!+H2SO4Rp 4l >900!!EqpZZ 6#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+#+#+#+#+'#:  &                     .   #   2 BaTiO3S5uHe^Pge TiO2+BaCO3!BaTiO3+CO2!qr` N S5uvfSO (WXl-N SSNu5uAm05uAmv:_1_Sc:yXlv:_^0b/fS 5uAm RNuXl0 ^(uXSuhV0nNh N SKmϑkpfǏeSR0 dU_hV0dqlpSbkpI{0 b)   Y!\    0  1   3TiCl4 6RYTiO2+2Cl2+2C=TiCl4!+2CO! 800~900! NS^ RpagN NS^ {|0,%s=41Jmol-1K-1>0 ؚ)n N %Gd"0, Tl=1491000/41= 3634K 3000!؏ NOS^ FORCT NS^ %H= 72K %s=2200 Na)n^SۏL NRC؏S NQُNё^\ N N N T VZ    .         !   +         <'t    *        ,  J                     <SnO2+2C=Sn+2CO! PbO+C=Pb+CO Bi2O3+3C=2Bi+3CO PbO+CO=Pb+CO2 FeO+CO=Fe+CO2 Y N/f}Yel(uCOCl2,SOCl2,CHCl3,CCl4I{/lSՋBR TiO2+CCl4=TiCl4!+CO2!(770K) TiCl4:NRP[vfSO mp250K bp409K AlCl3(W453K1\GSNSN TiCl4(W8^)n N/fmSO gg:_v4l'`0 TiCl4+2H2O=TiO2+4HCl ^(u`$QN N p9_ ~EN Nce a$QN N 4lir}vp 1\Yh [ iirOf2Q0 *ZZ $     #+#+ #+#+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+#+#+3#R                   !         -   $Ti(IV)MMOSTir Ǐ!nё^\yP[fbMTir:Nyrp (W4l-N SNH2O:NMMOSO FO N/f[TiH2O 6]4+ /f[TiO(H2O)4]2+b [Ti(OH)2 (H2O)6]2+ Te g [TiF6]2-, [TiCl6]2-, [Ti(NH3)4]4+ yr+RcQ H2O2 -NvǏ'lyP[ fly0RؚNǏ!nё^\S_MSO v^ gyrkr \O:Nt[bKm[el0Y['`$ReTivX[(W P940 Ti(IV)-N ReQH2O2 (W:_x-N pH<1 ~r (Wzx-N -N'` YjĞZ#+#+#+#+ #+#+#+ #+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+ #+#+#+#+#+3#         !"#$%&'()*+,-./01234569:;  8               "   ,            $[ϑKm[Ti TiO2+__+0.1__Ti3+_-0.37_Ti2+_-1.63__Ti H+ TiO2++Al!Ti3++Al3++H2O (>eeQAlGr) Ti3+؏S'`eukSn2+:_0Sn4+ 0.15 Sn2+ Fe3++Ti3+=Fe2++Ti(IV) (uSCN-:Nc:yBR SۏLY NS^Al+3Ti3+=Al3++3Ti2+ -N'`e 2H++e=H2! j=0 jH+/H2=0+(0.059/2)lg [(C2H+)/(PH2/P)]=0.059(-7)= 0.41 pH=6 -6 = 0.35e                         e  U        0       "  t   N0Zr,HfvSTir . 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